BEST IELTS General Reading Test 460

Table of Contents

BEST IELTS General Reading Test 460

IELTS GENERAL READING TEST 460 – PASSAGE – 2

IELTS GENERAL READING TEST – 460

READING PASSAGE – 2

Importance of ethics in sports

Sports is primarily a competitive activity where winning is the be all and end all. Perhaps that is why, in this highly competitive sports environment, we quite often hear about unethical behaviour which includes cheating, bending the rules, doping, abuse of food additives, physical and verbal violence, harassment, sexual abuse and trafficking of young sportspersons, discrimination, exploitation, unequal opportunities, unethical sports practices, unfair means, excessive commercialisation, use of drugs in sports and corruption.

Sports ethics is generally viewed as the system or set of rules, norms or laws by which attitudes and actions are determined to be either “right or wrong”. It is a positive concept that guides human action in sports. It is defined as the code of conduct for promoting and ensuring healthy sporting practices. Sports ethics signifies not just a certain form of behaviour but also a particular way of thinking. Commonly described as six pillars of fair play, Standards are integral elements of all sports activities, sports policy and management, and apply to all levels of ability and commitment, including recreational as well as competitive sports. These are-

IELTS General Reading Test

Trustworthiness

• Always pursue victory with honour.

• Demonstrate and demand integrity.

• Observe and enforce the spirit and letter of the rules.

• Do not engage in or tolerate dishonesty, cheating, or dishonourable conduct.

IELTS General Reading Test

Respect

• Treat the traditions of the sports and other participants with respect.

• Do not engage in or tolerate disrespectful conduct, including verbal abuse of opponents and officials, taunting and inappropriate celebrations.

• Win with grace and lose with dignity.

Responsibility

• Be a positive role model on and off the field.

• Safeguard your health.

• Take responsibility and educate yourself about issues of anti-doping. It’s up to you to comply with anti-doping policies.

IELTS General Reading Test

Fairness

• Adhere to high standards of fair play.

• Ensure that teams and athletes play by the rules and treat others fairly.

• Anything that gives an unfair advantage violates the spirit as well as the integrity of the sport.

Caring

• Demonstrate concern for others. Never engage in careless behaviour that could injure yourself or others.

• Help the team by encouraging your teammates.

• Never tolerate unhealthy or dangerous conduct by your teammates. Encourage your teammates to make healthy choices and be prepared to report any dangerous behaviour.

IELTS General Reading Test

Citizenship

• Play by the rules. Sports is defined by the rules. These rules may be yours or your team’s or your teacher’s.

• Follow the spirit of the rules. Resist the temptation of gaining an advantage by bending the rules. Take pride in your performance while abiding by the rules. You have worked too hard to throw it away by cheating.

• As a member of a community, whether in a team, in a classroom, or with a family, think how your choices impact other community members.

Questions 15-22

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

Sports Ethics

Trustworthiness

Neither should you get involved in any kind of cheating or misconduct nor should you 15…………………. it.

Respect

You should not drift towards unfair means even if you 16…………………..

Responsibility

Take care of your health and be a source of inspiration even when you are not 17…………………..

You are 18………………….. for compliance of policies.

Fairness

You should always stick to fair play and try to avoid any kind of 19………………….. that harms the integrity of the sport.

Caring

Show concern by motivating your teammates but do report if they try to do something 20………………….

Citizenship

Every sport demands fair play. You should feel proud of your hard work but remember all this can be put at stake if you get tempted to 21…………………..

You have to think of the entire community whenever you decide to make a 22…………………..

IELTS General Reading Test

Read the text below and answer Questions 23-27.

Cyber Bullying

Cyber threats are categorised into two main types: Cybercrime, which happens against an individual, corporate, etc. and Cyberwarfare, which occurs against a state. Cyberbullying may occur directly by targeting the computers and viruses or by using Denial of service attacks, which is an attempt to make a network or machine unavailable to its projected users.

A frequently used definition of cyberbullying is “an aggressive, intentional act or behaviour that is carried out by a group or an individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself. A software called malware is used to gain access to a private computer, gather sensitive information, or disrupt computer operation. Cyberbullying is often similar to traditional bullying, with some notable distinctions. Victims of cyberbullying may not know the identity of their bully, or why the bully is targeting them, based on the online nature of the interaction.

IELTS General Reading Test

If the bullying is happening on a social platform, consider blocking the bully and formally reporting their behaviour on the platform itself. Social media companies are obligated to keep their users safe. For bullying to stop, it needs to be identified and reporting it is key. It can also help to show the bully that their behaviour is unacceptable. If you are in immediate danger, then you should contact the police or emergency services in your country.

You should be careful about posting or sharing anything online – it may stay online forever and could be used to harm you later. Don’t give out personal details such as your address, telephone number or the name of the college, office etc. You can decide who can see your profile, send you direct messages or comment on your posts by adjusting your account privacy settings. You can report hurtful comments, messages and photos and request they be removed.

IELTS General Reading Test

People who are victims of any form of violence, including bullying and cyberbullying, have a right to justice and to have the offender held accountable. In countries that have specific laws on cyberbullying, online behaviour that deliberately causes serious emotional distress is seen as criminal activity. In some of these countries, victims of cyberbullying can seek protection, prohibit communication from a specified person and restrict the use of electronic devices used by that person for cyberbullying, temporarily or permanently.

Various social media platforms provide educational tools and guidance for children, parents and teachers to learn about risks and ways to stay safe online. Think about where cyberbullying happens in your community and ways you can help – by raising your voice, calling out bullies, reaching out to trusted adults or by creating awareness of the issue. Even a simple act of kindness can go a long way.