IELTS Vocabulary Part – 199

Policy makers: a person responsible for or involved in formulating policies, especially in politics.

Sentence – This is in effect saying that the policy makers for the public sector were indeterminate, at that time.

Deterrence: the action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.

Sentence – His view is that prison sentences must be long enough to satisfy the requirements both of retribution and deterrence.

Probing: to search into or examine thoroughly.

Sentence – When the development bubble burst, federal regulators started probing the balance sheets of the biggest banks.

Decision making: process of selection from a set of alternative courses of action which is thoughtful to fulfill the objective.

Sentence – In both periods, the decision making of governments and enterprises was greatly complicated by the changes in the financial structure.

Crosses the red line: mean a figurative point of no return or line in the sand.

Sentence – It is time to speak openly : they have crossed red lines.

Candid: truthful and straightforward; frank.

Sentence – I stand with my political leader, he is an honest and true candid personality.

Desparity: a great difference.

Sentence – “economic disparities between different regions of the country”

Revive: restore to life or consciousness.

Sentence – They recognized that the country would revive only if it thoroughly disengaged from the chaos of the old regime.

Vacationers: a fixed holiday period between terms in universities and law courts.

Sentence – Authorities requisitioned hotel rooms to lodge more than 3,000 stranded Christmas vacationers.

Daycation: a day trip or one-day vacation.

Sentence – Also, Web shows such as Ultimate Daycation and Adventures in Mongol Rally Land

Intimidating: having a frightening, overawing, or threatening effect.

Sentence – With her precise use of language and intimidating aspect, she was a typical traditional schoolmistress.

Grossly: extremely; excessively.

Sentence – The benefits of nuclear technology, she said, had been grossly overestimated.

Ground breaking: innovative; pioneering.

Sentence – I believe we are all very happy this morning that the new haemodialysis centre which has been planned for some time can take off with the ground breaking ceremony.

Pared- down: to reduce or remove by or as by cutting; diminish or decrease gradually

Sentence – But now, in the main, companies are leaner and fitter; they have pared down their operations in order to survive.

Elegant: graceful and stylish in appearance or manner.

Sentence – Today, after a careful conversion, it is a very comfortable and elegant country home.

Exclusivity: the practice of excluding or not admitting other things.

Sentence – Generic drug exclusivity is a unique form of administrative protection for pharmaceutical products in United States.

Economic clout: economic power or influene.

Sentence – At local level, control exerted by NGOs varies widely, depending on their philosophy, their economic clout, and individual personalities.

Ruckus: a noisy situation or argument.

Sentence – Passersby, the text says, were annoyed by the ruckus and thought a drinking spree was under way.

Entities: a thing with distinct and independent existence.

Sentence – Whereas relationships express the association between two entities, relations are a tabular representation of an entity, complete with attributes.

Ward off: to avoid being hit by (something).

Sentence – For the worker, it made equally good sense to limit output and thereby ward off a rate cut. 

Frayed: (of a fabric, rope, or cord) unravelled or worn at the edge.

Sentence – Frayed tempers at the end of the match led to three players being sent off.

Zilch: nothing.

Sentence – He knows zilch about the fact that his son has been failing all his classes.

Conceding: admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it.

Sentence – The argument about ” conceding ” numerical inequality was due either to a misunderstanding or to demagoguery.